AWS API

If you’re using EC2 directly or you’re using ECS with host mode networking and you’re deploying one container per cluster member, continue to Discovery Method: AWS API - EC2 Tag-Based Discovery.

If you’re using ECS with awsvpcs mode networking (whether on EC2 or with Fargate), continue to Discovery Method: AWS API - ECS Discovery.

ECS with bridge mode networking is not supported.

If you’re using EKS, then you may want to use the ‘Kubernetes API’-based discovery method instead.

Project Info

Project Info: Apache Pekko Discovery AWS
Artifact
org.apache.pekko
pekko-discovery-aws-api
1.0.0
JDK versions
OpenJDK 8
OpenJDK 11
Scala versions2.12.18, 2.13.12, 3.3.1
License
Home pagehttps://pekko.apache.org/
API documentation
Forums
Release notesRelease Notes
IssuesGitHub issues
Sourceshttps://github.com/apache/pekko-management

Discovery Method: AWS API - EC2 Tag-Based Discovery

You can use tags to simply mark the instances that belong to the same cluster. Use a tag that has “service” as the key and set the value equal to the name of your service (same value as pekko.management.cluster.bootstrap.contact-point-discovery.service-name defined in application.conf, if you’re using this module for bootstrapping your Pekko cluster).

Screenshot of two tagged EC2 instances:

EC2 instances

Note the tag service -> products-api. It is set on both instances.

Note that this implementation is adequate for users running service clusters on vanilla EC2 instances. These instances can be created and tagged manually, or created via an auto-scaling group (ASG). If they are created via an ASG, they can be tagged automatically on creation. Simply add the tag to the auto-scaling group configuration and ensure the “Tag New Instances” option is checked.

Dependencies and usage (EC2 Tag-Based Discovery)

This is a separate JAR file:

sbt
val PekkoManagementVersion = "1.0.0"
libraryDependencies += "org.apache.pekko" %% "pekko-discovery-aws-api" % PekkoManagementVersion
Gradle
def versions = [
  PekkoManagementVersion: "1.0.0",
  ScalaBinary: "2.13"
]
dependencies {
  implementation "org.apache.pekko:pekko-discovery-aws-api_${versions.ScalaBinary}:${versions.PekkoManagementVersion}"
}
Maven
<properties>
  <pekko.management.version>1.0.0</pekko.management.version>
  <scala.binary.version>2.13</scala.binary.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.pekko</groupId>
    <artifactId>pekko-discovery-aws-api_${scala.binary.version}</artifactId>
    <version>${pekko.management.version}</version>
  </dependency>
</dependencies>

pekko-discovery-aws-api can be used with Pekko 1.0.2 or later. You have to override the following Pekko dependencies by defining them explicitly in your build and define the Pekko version to the one that you are using. Latest patch version of Pekko is recommended and a later version than 1.0.2 can be used.

sbt
val PekkoVersion = "1.0.2"
libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
  "org.apache.pekko" %% "pekko-cluster" % PekkoVersion,
  "org.apache.pekko" %% "pekko-discovery" % PekkoVersion
)
Gradle
def versions = [
  PekkoVersion: "1.0.2",
  ScalaBinary: "2.13"
]
dependencies {
  implementation "org.apache.pekko:pekko-cluster_${versions.ScalaBinary}:${versions.PekkoVersion}"
  implementation "org.apache.pekko:pekko-discovery_${versions.ScalaBinary}:${versions.PekkoVersion}"
}
Maven
<properties>
  <pekko.version>1.0.2</pekko.version>
  <scala.binary.version>2.13</scala.binary.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.pekko</groupId>
    <artifactId>pekko-cluster_${scala.binary.version}</artifactId>
    <version>${pekko.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.pekko</groupId>
    <artifactId>pekko-discovery_${scala.binary.version}</artifactId>
    <version>${pekko.version}</version>
  </dependency>
</dependencies>

And in your application.conf:

pekko.discovery {
  method = aws-api-ec2-tag-based
}

Notes:

  • You will need to make sure that the proper privileges are in place for the discovery implementation to access the Amazon EC2 API. The simplest way to do this is by creating a IAM role that, at a minimum, allows the DescribeInstances action. Attach this IAM role to the EC2 instances that need to access the discovery implementation. See the docs for IAM Roles for Amazon EC2.

  • In general, for the EC2 instances to “talk to each other” (necessary for forming a cluster), they need to be in the same security group and the proper rules have to be set.

  • You can set additional filters (by instance type, region, other tags etc.) in your application.conf file, in the pekko.discovery.aws-api-ec2-tag-based.filters key. The filters have to be key=value pairs separated by the semicolon character. For example:

    pekko {
  discovery {
    aws-api-ec2-tag-based {
      filters = "instance-type=m1.small;tag:purpose=production"
    }
  }
}

  • By default, this module is configured for clusters with one Pekko node per EC2 instance: it separates cluster members solely by their EC2 IP address. However, we can change the default configuration to indicate multiple ports per discovered EC2 IP, and achieve a setup with multiple Pekko nodes (i.e. multiple JVMs) per EC2 instance.

    pekko {
  discovery {
    aws-api-ec2-tag-based {
      ports = [7625, 7626, 7627] # 3 Pekko nodes per EC2 instance
      # note that the above need to be the ports associated with the *Pekko Management* extension
    }
  }
}

    Note: this comes with the limitation that each EC2 instance has to have the same number of Pekko nodes.

  • You can change the default tag key from “service” to something else. This can be done via application.conf, by setting pekko.discovery.aws-api-ec2-tag-based.tag-key to something else.

    pekko.discovery.aws-api-ec2-tag-based.tag-key = "pekko-cluster"

  • If your service is running in a docker container, you will need to configure Pekko Management with separate IPs for binding and discovery. This is because Pekko Management needs to bind to the internal docker IP, but will discover the “host” IP (the EC2 private IP) on the AWS API. See Basic Configuration on how to separate the bind IP from the discovery IP.

Demo:

Discovery Method: AWS API - ECS Discovery

If you’re using ECS with awsvpc mode networking, you can have all task instances of a given ECS service discover each other. If you’re using this module for bootstrapping your Pekko cluster that you’ll do so by setting the value of pekko.management.cluster.bootstrap.contact-point-discovery.service-name to that of the ECS service itself.

Screenshot of two ECS task instances (the service name is liquidity-application):

ECS task instances

Dependencies and usage (ECS Discovery)

There are two “flavours” of the ECS Discovery module.

pekko-discovery-aws-api

This uses the mainstream AWS SDK. The advantage here is that if you’ve already got the mainstream AWS SDK as a dependency you’re not now also bringing in the preview SDK. The disadvantage is that the mainstream SDK does blocking IO.

sbt
val PekkoManagementVersion = "1.0.0"
libraryDependencies += "org.apache.pekko" %% "pekko-discovery-aws-api" % PekkoManagementVersion
Gradle
def versions = [
  PekkoManagementVersion: "1.0.0",
  ScalaBinary: "2.13"
]
dependencies {
  implementation "org.apache.pekko:pekko-discovery-aws-api_${versions.ScalaBinary}:${versions.PekkoManagementVersion}"
}
Maven
<properties>
  <pekko.management.version>1.0.0</pekko.management.version>
  <scala.binary.version>2.13</scala.binary.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.pekko</groupId>
    <artifactId>pekko-discovery-aws-api_${scala.binary.version}</artifactId>
    <version>${pekko.management.version}</version>
  </dependency>
</dependencies>

And in your application.conf:

pekko.discovery {
  method = aws-api-ecs
  aws-api-ecs {
    # Defaults to "default" to match the AWS default cluster name if not overridden
    cluster = "your-ecs-cluster-name"
  }
}
pekko-discovery-aws-api-async

This uses the preview AWS SDK. The advantage here is that the SDK does non-blocking IO, which you probably want. You might need to think carefully before using this though if you’ve already got the mainstream AWS SDK as a dependency.

Once the async AWS SDK is out of preview it is likely that the pekko-discovery-aws-api module will be discontinued in favour of pekko-discovery-aws-api-async.

sbt
val PekkoManagementVersion = "1.0.0"
libraryDependencies += "org.apache.pekko" %% "pekko-discovery-aws-api-async" % PekkoManagementVersion
Gradle
def versions = [
  PekkoManagementVersion: "1.0.0",
  ScalaBinary: "2.13"
]
dependencies {
  implementation "org.apache.pekko:pekko-discovery-aws-api-async_${versions.ScalaBinary}:${versions.PekkoManagementVersion}"
}
Maven
<properties>
  <pekko.management.version>1.0.0</pekko.management.version>
  <scala.binary.version>2.13</scala.binary.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.pekko</groupId>
    <artifactId>pekko-discovery-aws-api-async_${scala.binary.version}</artifactId>
    <version>${pekko.management.version}</version>
  </dependency>
</dependencies>

We have 2 approaches in ECS: aws-api-ecs-async and aws-api-ecs-task-set-async.

aws-api-ecs-async

In your application.conf:

pekko.discovery {
  method = aws-api-ecs-async
  aws-api-ecs-async {
    # Defaults to "default" to match the AWS default cluster name if not overridden
    cluster = "your-ecs-cluster-name"
    # Defaults to an empty list
    tags = [
      { key = "deployment-side", value = "blue" }
    ]
  }
}

This will query the AWS API to retrieve all running tasks of the ESC service specified at pekko.management.cluster.bootstrap.contact-point-discovery.service-name.

aws-api-ecs-task-set-async

If you use AWS CodeDeploy, you probably want to use this method of discovery.

In your application.conf:

pekko.discovery {
  method = aws-api-ecs-task-set-async
  aws-api-ecs-task-set-async {
    # Defaults to "default" to match the AWS default cluster name if not overridden
    cluster = "your-ecs-cluster-name"
  }
}

The service-discovery works in 3 steps: 1. Query the internal ECS metadata API to retrieve the TaskARN of itself (See AWS docs) 2. Retrieve the TaskSet to which the TaskARN belongs 3. Retrieve all Tasks belonging to that TaskSet

Notes:

  • Since the implementation uses the AWS ECS API, you’ll need to make sure that AWS credentials are provided. The simplest way to do this is to create an IAM role that includes appropriate permissions for AWS ECS API access. Attach this IAM role to the task definition of the ECS Service. See the docs for IAM Roles for Tasks.

  • In general, for the ECS task instances to “talk to each other” (necessary for forming a cluster), they need to be in the same security group and the proper rules have to be set. See the docs for Task Networking with the awsvpc Network Mode.

  • pekko-remote by default sets pekko.remote.netty.tcp.hostname to the result of InetAddress.getLocalHost.getHostAddress, and pekko-management does the same for pekko.management.http.hostname. However, InetAddress.getLocalHost.getHostAddress throws an exception when running in awsvpc mode (because the container name cannot be resolved), so you will need to set this explicitly. An alternative host address discovery method is provided by both modules. The methods are EcsSimpleServiceDiscovery.getContainerAddress and AsyncEcsDiscovery.getContainerAddress respectively, which you should use to programmatically set both config hostnames.

  • Because ECS service discovery is only able to discover IP addresses (not ports too) you’ll need to set pekko.management.cluster.bootstrap.contact-point.fallback-port = 7626, where 7626 is whatever port you choose to bind pekko-management to.

  • You can set additional filters to only discover nodes with specific tag values in your application.conf file, in the pekko.discovery.aws-api-ecs-async.tags key. An empty list of tags will not filter any nodes out.

For example: pekko { discovery { aws-api-ecs-async { tags = [ { key = "environment", value = "staging" }, { key = "deployment-side", value = "blue" } ] } } }

  • The current implementation only supports discovery of service task instances within the same region.

Demo:

  • A working demo app is available in the integration-test folder. It includes CloudFormation templates with minimal permissions w.r.t to IAM policies and security group ingress, and so is a good starting point for any deployment that integrates the principle of least privilege.
1.0.0